PERSONALITY TRAITS OF FRESHMAN BINGE DRINKERS AND CIGARETTE SMOKERS IN STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
Keywords:
Personality Traits, Freshman Binge Drinkers, Cigarette Smokers, State Universities and CollegesAbstract
This paper examined the personality traits of ninety six freshman college binge drinkers and cigarette smokers who participated in this research. A pre-survey questionnaire, standardized test and semi-structured interview were used to gather data. Data were analyzed through descriptive-correlational method of research. Findings revealed that the participants are dominated by male, most of them belong to the late adolescence stage and majority of the participants belong to a complete (intact) family. Four sticks of cigarettes are the most number of cigarettes consumed per day and almost half of the participants are involved in two times a month binge drinking. The study likewise discovered gender differences in some personality traits. When participants are grouped according to their developmental stage, they also differ in personality traits. Participants raised in the different family structures revealed similarities and differences in personality traits. Those who consumed cigarettes irrespective of the number of cigarette sticks got the highest mean score in Extraversion. Participants who ingested alcohol registered the highest mean score in Neuroticism and Extraversion. It was discovered that gender is significantly related to Extraversion while Conscientiousness and alcohol consumption is significantly related to each other. Results indicate the need to devise an intervention program for freshman binge drinkers and cigarette smokers.
Downloads
References
Abar, C., Abar, B., & Turrisis, R. (2009). The impact of parental modeling and permissibility on alcohol use and experienced negative drinking consequences in college. Addictive Behaviors, 34, 542-547.
Anic, G. (2007). The Association between Risk Taking and Personality (Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Florida).
Be`gue, L. & Roche, S. (2009). Multidimensional social control variables as predictors of drunkenness among French adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 171-191.
Braun, A.R., Heinz, A.J., Veilleux, J.C., Conrad, M., Weber, S., Wardle, M., Greenstein, J., Evatt, D., Drobes, D. & Kassel, J.D. (2012). The separate and combined effects of alcohol and nicotine on anticipatory anxiety: A multidimensional analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 37, 485–491.
Brook, J.S., Morojele, N., Pahl, K. & Brook, D. (2006). Predictors of drug use among South African adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 26-34.
Canals, J., Vigil-Colet, A., Chico, E. & Marti-Henneberg, C. (2005). Personality changes during adolescence: The role of gender and pubertal development. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 179-188.
Chang, G., Sherrit, L. & Knight, J.R. (2005). Adolescent cigarette smoking and mental health symptoms. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 517 – 522.
Costa, Jr. P., Teracciano, A. & McCrae, R.R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 322-331.
De Leeuw, R. N., Scholte, R. H., Sargent, J. D., Vermulst, A. A. & Engels, R. C. (2010). Do interactions between personality and social-environmental factors explain smoking development in adolescence? Journal of Family Psychology, 24 (1), 68.
Ebirim, C.I.C., Amadi, A.N., Abanobi, O.C. & Iloh, G.U.P. (2014). The prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Knowledge of Its Health Implications among Adolescents in Owerri, South-Eastern Nigeria. Health, 6, 1532-1538. Available on line http://www.scirp.org/journal/health http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2014.612188 August 13, 2014.
Eitle, D. (2005). The moderating effects of peer substance use on the family structure–adolescent substance use association: Quantity versus quality of parenting. Addictive Behaviors 30, 963–980.
Emslie, C., Lewars, H., Batty, G. D. & Hunt, K. (2009). Are there gender differences in levels of heavy, binge and problem drinking? Evidence from three generations in the west of Scotland. Public Health, 123, 12 –14.
Florkowski, D., Walter, G., Kowalczyk, J. & Anderson, P. (2013). Protective factors and college student drinking patterns in pre and post Katrina New Orleans. Health, 5,12, 2083-2090. Available http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.512284 August 13, 2014.
Gage, A. J. & Suzuki, C. (2006). Risk factors for alcohol use among male adolescents and emerging adults in Haiti. Journal of adolescence, 29 (2), 241-260.
Gau, S.S., Lai, M.C., Chiu, Y.N., Liu, C.T. Lee, M.B., & Hwu, H.G. (2009). Individual and family correlates for cigarette smoking among Taiwanese college students. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50, 276–285.
Goodwin, R.D. & Friedman, H.S. (2006). Health status and the five-factor personality traits in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 643-654.
Habib, C., Santoro, J., Kremer, P., Toumbourou, J., Leslie, E. & Williams, J. (2010). The importance of family management, closeness with father and family structure in early adolescent alcohol use. Addiction, 105 (10), 1750-1758.
Ham, L.S., Bonin, M. & Hope, D.A. (2007). The role of drinking motives in social anxiety and alcohol use. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21 991–1003.
Ham, L.S. & Hope, D.A. (2005). Incorporating social anxiety into a model of college student problematic drinking. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 127-150.
Hoeksema, S.N. (2007). Abnormal Psychology 4thed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Company.
Kashdan, T.B., Vetter, C.J. & Collins, R.L. (2005). Substance use in young adults: Associations with personality and gender. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 259-269.
Kassel, J.D., Wardle, M., & Roberts, J.E. (2007). Adult attachment security and college student substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1164-1176.
Kern, M.L. & Friedman, H.S. (September 2008). Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review. Health Psychology, 27(5), 505-512.
Kleykamp, M. & M. Tienda, (2005). Physical and mental health status of adolescent girls: A comparative ethnic perspective. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 22, 149-185.
Kristjansson, A.L., Sigfusdottir, I.D., James, J.E., Allegrante, J.P. & Helgason, A.R. (2010). Perceived parental reactions and peer respect as predictors of adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 256–259.
Kuntsche, E., Fischer, M.V. & Gmel, G. (2008). Personality factors and alcohol use: A mediator analysis of drinking motives. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 796-800.
Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Gmel, G. & Engels, R. (2006). Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people. Addictive Behaviors, 31 1844–1857.
Kye, S. Y. & Park, K. (2012). Psychosocial factors and health behavior among Korean adults: a cross-sectional study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 49-56.
[29] Larsen, R.J. & Buss, D.M. (2008). Personality Psychology 3rd Ed. Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature. New York: Mc-Graw Hill Companies, Inc.
Littlefield, A.K., Sher, K.J. & Wood, P.K. (2010). A personality-based description of maturing out of alcohol problems: Extension with a Five-Factor model and robustness to modeling challenges. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 948–954.
Madu, S. N. & Matla, M. P. (2003).Illicit drug use, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking behavior among a sample of high school adolescents in the Pietersburg area of the Northern Province, South Africa. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 121–136.
Markey, C.N., Markey, P.M., Ericksen, A.J. & Tinsley, B.J. (2006). Children’s behavioral patterns, the Five-Factor model of personality, and risk behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 1503-1513.
Martino, S. C., Ellickson, P. L. & McCaffrey, D. F. (2009). Multiple trajectories of peer and parental influence and their association with the development of adolescent heavy drinking. Addictive behaviors, 34(8), 693-700.
Martins, S.S., Storr, C.L., Alexandre, P.K. & Chilcoat, H.D. (2008). Adolescent ecstacy and other drug use in the National Survey of Parents Youth: The role of sensation-seeking, parental monitoring and peer’s drug use. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 919-933.
Martsh, C.T. & Miller, W.R. (1997). Extraversion predicts heavy drinking in college students. Person Individ Diff, 23 (1), 153-155.
Mazzuco, S. & Meggiolaro, S. (2010, September). Family resources and health behaviours in adolescence. In European Population Conference (pp. 1-4).
McAdams, K.K. & Donnellan, M.B. (2009). Facets of personality and drinking in first-year college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 207–212.
McCrae, R.R., Costa Jr., P.T., Hr̆ebíc̆kov, M., Urbánek, T., Martin, T.A., Oryol, V.E., Rukavishnikov, A.A. & Senin,, I.G. (2004). Age differences in personality traits across cultures: self-report and observer perspectives. European Journal of Personality, 18 (2), 143–157.
McCrae, R.R., Costa, P.T., Terracciano, A., Parker, W.D., Mills, C.J., & De- Fruyt, F., et al. (2002). Personality traits development from age 12 to 18: Longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural analyses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1456-1468.
Nichtera, M., Nichtera, M., Carkoglub, A., Richardsonc, E. & the Tobacco Etiology Research Network (TERN) (2010). Smoking and drinking among college students: “It’s a package deal”. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 106, 16–20.
Ozer, E.J. & Fenald, L.C.H. (2008). Alcohol and tobacco use among rural Mexican adolescents: Individual, familial, and community level factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 498-505.
Panopio, I.S. & Rolda, R.S. (2006). Society and Culture Introduction to Sociology and Anthropology (rev. edition). Manila: Katha Publishing Co., Inc.
Patrick, M. E. & Schulenberg, J. E. (2013). Prevalence and predictors of adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking in the United States. Alcohol Research, 35, 193–200.
Raynor, D. A. & Levine, H. (2009). Associations between the five-factor model of personality and health behaviors among college students. Journal of American College Health, 58 (1), 73-82.
Rondina, R.C., Gorayeb, R. & Botelho, C. (2007). Psychological characteristics associated with tobacco smoking behavior. J Bras Pneumol, 33 (5), 592-601.
Schmitt, D.P., Realo, A., Voracek, M. &Allik, J. (Jan. 2008). Why can’t a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94 (1), 168-182.
Stickley, A., Koyanagi, A., Koposov, R., McKee, M., Roberts, B., Murphy, A. & Ruchkin, V. (2013). Binge drinking among adolescents in Russia: Prevalence, risk and protective factors. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1988–1995.
Sun, I.Y. & Longazel, .G. (2008). College students’ alcohol-related problems: a test of competing theories. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 554-562.
Takeda,Y., Kawachi, I., Yamagata, Z. & Hashimoto, S. (2004). Multigenerational family structure in Japanese society: Impacts on stress and health behaviors among women and men. Social Science & Medicine, 59, 69–81.
Teshome, D. & Gedif, T. (2013). Determinants of alcohol drinking and its association with sexual practices among high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Cross sectional study. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3, 6, 420-427. Available on line http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2013.36057 August 13, 2014.
Terracciano, A. & Costa, P.T.,Jr. (2004). Smoking and the Five-Factor Model of personality. Addiction, 99,472-481.
Theakston, J.A., Stewart, S.H., Dawson, M.Y., Knowlden, S.A.B., & Lehman, D.R. (2004). Big-Five personality domains predict drinking motives. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 971-984.
Torres, A. (2006) "Personality Characteristics as Predictors of Health Risk Behaviors," McNair Scholars Research Journal: Vol. 2: Iss. 1, Article 10.
Available at: http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/mcnair_journal/vol2/iss1
Vecchione, M., Alessandri, G., Barbaranelli, C. & Caprara, G. (2012). Gender differences in the Big Five personality development: A longitudinal investigation from late adolescence to emerging adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 740–746.
Veselska, Z., Geckova, A.M., Orosova, O, Gajdosova, B., van Dijk, J.P. & Reijneveld, S.A. (2009). Self-esteem and resilience: The connection with risky behavior among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 34, 287–291.
Vianello, M., Schnabel, K., Sriram, N. & Nosek, B. (2013). Gender differences in implicit and explicit personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 994–999.
Zehe, J.M., Colder, C.R., Read, J.P., Wieczorek, W.F. & Lengua, L.J. (2013). Social and generalized anxiety symptoms and alcohol and cigarette use in early adolescence: The moderating role of perceived peer norms. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1931-1939.
